Zoology Syllabus pdf । Honours 1st year

Zoology Syllabus pdf । Honours 1st year: National university honors course syllabus is available here for students.

NATIONAL UNIVERSITY
First Year Syllabus
Department of Zoology
Four Year B.Sc. Honours Course
Effective from the Session: 2013–2014

  National University Syllabus for Four Year B.Sc. Honours Course

Subject: Zoology

Effective from the Session: 2013-2014

Year-wise Papers and marks distribution FIRST-YEAR

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Detailed Syllabus

Introduction to Zoology

1. Introduction

Concept, history and scope of Zoology, subdivisions of Zoology, application and importance of Zoology, relation of animals to human.

• Origin of Life Spontaneous generation, special creation, cosmic, naturalistic and recent theories.
• Foundation of Animal Life

Origin of life – major stages in the early evolution of life (e.g. Stage I – Molecular, Stage II – Polymeric, Stage III – Semi-biotic and Stage IV – Cellular); level of organization (protoplasmic, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, species, individual, population, community, fauna, biota, ecosystem, biosphere and biodiversity).

• Cells and tissues

Cells and tissues – types, structure and function.

5.   Bases of animal classification

Body forms (sexual, developmental and polymorphic), symmetry, polarity of the body,  metamerism, tagmatization, appendages (flagella, cilia, antenna, styles, poda, fins, wings and limbs); embryogeny (radial, spiral, determinate and indeterminate cleavages; germinal layers and coelom types); protostomia and deuterostomia; morphometrics and meristics.

• Classification of Animals

Number of kingdoms; classification up to phyla on the basis of organization, symmetry, coelom and phylogeny; different taxa and Linnaean hierarchy and nomenclature.

• Methods of Studying Animals

       Collection, sampling, transportation, preservation, identification and tagging.

• Instrumentation in Zoological Studies

Microscopy, configuration, incubation, balance, collecting devices and kits, microtomes, habitat

analysis kits, haemocytometer, sphygmomanometer, photography, camera lucida and micrometer.

Animal diversity-1: Protozoa and Non-chordates

1. General characters with examples of protozoans, mesozoans and parazoans; radiate, acelomate and pseudocelomate animals.
2. Broad classification of the following phyla up to orders with general and diagnostic characteristics of each taxonomic category with examples and affinities:

Sarcomastigophora, Apicomplexa, Ciliophora, Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida,

Nematoda, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata and Hemichordata.

• Type study of the following with their origin, evolution, systematic position, habitats, external morphology, organ systems such as digestion, movement, circulation, respiration, excretion, nervous, reproduction, food and feeding habits, mode of life and development:

1. Phylum Sarcomastigophora: Euglena
2. Phylum Apicomplexa: Eimeria
3. Phylum Ciliophora: Paramecium
4. Phylum Porifera: Scypha
5. Phylum Cnidaria: Obelia and Aurelia
6. Phylum Ctenophora: Hormiphora
7. Phylum Platyhelminthes: Taenia
8. Phylum Nematoda: Ascaris
9. Phylum Acanthocephala: Macracanthorhynchus
10. Phylum Mollusca: Pila and Lamellidens
11. Phylum Annelida: Neanthes
12. Phylum Onychophora: Peripatus
13. Phylum Arthropoda: prawn and grasshopper
14. Phylum Bryozoa/Ectoprocta: Bugula
15. Phylum Brachiopoda: Lingula
16. Phylum Chaetognatha: Sagitta
17. Phylum Echinodermata: Asteropecten
18. Phylum Hemichordata: Balanoglossus

4. Brief notes on the following including habits, habitats, and food and feeding :

a. Sarcomastigophora: Trypanosoma, Leishmania

b. Ciliophora: Vorticella

c. Porifera: Spongilla

d. Cnidaria: Physalia, Gorgonia

e. Ctenophora: Bero

f. Platyhelminthes: Fasciola, Schistosoma

g  Nematoda: Meloidogyne

h. Sipuncula: Sipunculus

i. Mollusca: Dentalium, Loligo, Octopus

j. Annelida: Chaetopterus, Tubifex

k. Arthropoda: Balanus, Scolopendra, housefly, Drosophila

l. Echinodermata: Echinus, brittle star

Zoology Practical-I

1. Study of museum specimens: Representative of all major non-chordate phyla (minimum 50 specimens to be studied).
2. Study of permanent slides: Whole mount, body parts and various cells and invertebrate tissues (at least 20 slides to be studied):
3. Whole animals – representatives of protozoans, rotifers and arthropods.
4. Mouth parts of arthropods.
5. Parasites – nematodes and Platyhelminthes.
6. Different larval forms of invertebrates.
7. Histological slides of invertebrates.

3.  Preparation and study of whole mounts of different non-chordates.

• External morphology and dissection of various organ systems of earthworm, cockroach, prawn, Pila and Lamellidens:

A. Major dissection

1. Circulatory system of earthworm and prawn.
2. Nervous system of cockroach, grasshopper, prawn, Pila and Lamellidens.
3. Reproductive systems of earthworm, cockroach, grasshopper and prawn.

B. Minor dissection

a. Digestive system of prawn, pila and Lamellidens

b. Nervous system of cockroach, grasshopper and prawn.

• Temporary mounting:
• Brain of earthworm.
• Salivary gland of cockroach.
• Statocyst of prawn.
• Study of appendages (locomotory, prehensile, food capture, copulatory, defensive and offensive organs of cockroach and prawn).
• Field visit to observe local invertebrate fauna, or field visit to a farm, and prepare a report on the visit.

Distribution of Marks for First Year Final Examination

1. Major dissection (dissection 6 + display 2 + drawing and labeling 4) = 12 marks.
2. Minor dissection (dissection 4 + display 2 + drawing and labeling 2) = 8 marks.
3. Temporary mount (staining, mounting and display 4 + drawing and labeling 4) = 8 marks.
4. Spotting of museum specimens – 15 items (identification and classification 1 + diagnostic

characteristics 1) = 30 marks.

1. Invertebrate specimens (9 items) 2 × 9 = 18 marks.
2. Whole mount slides (mouth parts, parasites, larvae) (3 items) 2 × 3 = 6 marks.
3. Histological slides of non-chordates (3 items) 2 × 3 = 6 marks.
4. Appendages (detachment, placement and drawing on a paper sheet 4, labeling 2, displaying 1) = 7 marks.
5. Report writing on field visit = 15 marks.
6. Class records = 10 marks.
7. Viva-voce = 10 marks.

Chemistry-I

1. Measurements and the Scientific Method: Measurements, units, SI units, reliability of measurements – precision and accuracy, rounding off, significant figures, significant figures in calculation, mean and median, errors, sources of errors.
2. Structure of atom: Atom , isotopes, atomic masses, mass spectroscopy, atomic nucleus, nuclear binding energy, nuclear reactions –fission and fusion reactions, Bohr atom model, spectrum of atomic hydrogen, dual nature of electron, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, quantum numbers, atomic orbitals, Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity, electronic configuration of atoms.
3. Periodic Table: Periodic law, periodic table, electronic configurations from the periodic table, periodic properties of the elements such as ionization energies, electron affinity, electro negativity, atomic/ionic radius along a period and down a group, diagonal relationship
4. Chemical Bonds: Chemical bond, types of chemical bonds – ionic, covalent coordination, metallic, hydrogen, polar and non polar covalent bonds, Lewis dot structure, shapes of molecules, VSEPR theory, valence bond theory, hybridization, ó- and ð-bonding in compounds, molecular orbital theory.
5. Oxidation and reduction: redox reactions, writing and balancing redox reactions,
6. States of Matter: Comparison between solids, liquids and gases, changes of state, m.p. and b.p, phase transition, phase diagram of water.
7. Gases and Their Properties: The gas laws , the perfect gas equation, the kinetic theory of gases, Van der Waals equations, real gases, Graham’s laws of diffusion and effusion.
8. Solutions: Solubility and intermolecular forces, solubility product, types of concentration units, colligative properties, of solutions, Henry’s law, Nernst distribution law.
9. Acids and Bases: Various concepts on acids and bases, conjugate acids and bases, neutralization reactions acid- base strength, pH, acid-base titrations, acid-base indicatiors, acid-base properties of salts, the common ion effect, buffer solutions, hard and soft acids and bases.
10. Chemical Equilibrium: Reversible reactions and the equilibrium state, the equilibrium law, reaction quotients and equilibrium constants, calculations using Kc, Kp.

Homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria, the principle of Le Chatelier and Brown.

1. Hydrocarbons: Hydrocarbons, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, nomenclature of organic compounds- the IUPAC system natural gas, petroleum, petrochemicals.
2. Study of different classes of organic Compounds: Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines and amides.

Chemistry-I Practical

1. Preparation of FeSO4 _7H2O, Mohr’s salt and potash alum.
2. Separation and identification of four radicals from a mixture of anions and

cations The cations are pb 2+ , cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , Al 3+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Co 2+ , Ni²⁺ , Zn 2+

Ca²⁺, Ba²⁺, Na+, K+ , and NH4 + , the anions are NO3 , CO32-, ^S2-, SO4^2-, Cl , Br and I+

3 . Standardization of NaOH solution using standard oxalic acid solution,

4.  Determination of Fe 2+ using standard permanganate solution

• Iodometric determination of copper (II) using standard Na2SO3 solution.]
• Gravimetric determination of nickel as Ni(HDMG)2 complex
• Determination of the enthalpy change for the decomposition of Sodium bicarbonate into

      Sodium carbonate.

• Determination of the pH- neutralization curves of a strong acid by a strong base.
• Investigation of the conductance behaviour of electrolytic solution and applications (acetic acid)
• Determination of the presence of nitrogen, halogen and sulphur in organic compounds.
• Identification of the functional groups (unsaturation, alcohol, phenol, carbonyl, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, aromatic amine, amide and nitro- groups) in organic compound.

Biochemistry-I

1.  Acid, base & buffer: Ion product of water; acid base P^H, P^H indicators, buffer solution and

     buffer capacity, some biological buffer.

• Thermodynamics: 1^st law of thermodynamics, enthalpy, Hess’s law, 2^nd law of  thermodynamics, Entropy, standard states, spontaneous, reversible, irreversible and non-equilibrium reactions steady state.
• Cell: Cell, Sub-cellular particles and structure and their isolation and identification; their    

      functions.

• Carbohydrates: Nomenclature, classification, optical properties, general reactions, colour

test and methods of estimation, isolation from natural sources and structure of glucose,

fructose, galactose, sucrose, lactose, maltose, starch, glycogen, cellulose, amino sugar.

 Biological importance of carbohydrates.

• Lipids: Nomenclature, classification. Reactions of fatty acids, sterols and methods of estimation; structure and biological functions of different classes of lipids. Role of phospholipid in membrane formation- the fluid mosaic model.
• Amino acids and Peptides: Structural features, optical activity and classification of amino acids, reaction of amino acids, ionization in solution, isoelectric behaviour, colour tests, isolation of amino acids from protein hydrolyses, peptide bonds and biologically important  peptides.
• Proteins: General introduction; biological functions classification based on shape. Structure: different levels of structural organization (in brief). Enzymes-chemical nature; effect of substrate. Temperature and P^H on its activity, Michaels-Menten equation, significance of K_m values and V_max; enzyme inhibition, digestive enzymes.
• Nucleosides and nucleotides: Basic chemistry of nucleosides and nucleotides: polynucleotides.
• Vitamins: Classification, occurrence, deficiency symptoms, biological functions, vitamins as     coenzymes.
• Hormones: Definition, Classification, their importance and functions.

Biochemistry-I Practical

1. Preparation of standard solution and standardization of HCL.
2. Estimation of calcium in a biological sample.
3. Determination of ascorbic acid content of a biological sample.
4. Color tests for bio-molecules.
5. Determination of lactose content of milk.
6. Determination of phosphorus content of the supplied solution.

Botany-I

1.   Introduction: Origin and evolution of life; differences between plants and animals; modern concepts of classification of living organisms.

2.   Microbiology:

        a)   Introduction to Viroid, Prions, Rickettsia and Mycoplasmas.

• Virus: Physical and chemical nature of phage, plant and animal viruses, multiplication of HIV virus and economic importance.
• Bacteria: Types, fine structure, reproduction and importance.
• Fungi: Habitat, characteristics, classification up to class (Alexopoulos), reproduction, importance, life history of Saccharomyces.
• Cyanobacteria: Habitat, characteristics, structure, importance of Cyanobacteria.
• Algae: Habitat, characteristics, classification up to class (Fritsch), reproduction, importance; life history of Oeodogonium.
• Phytoplankton: Habitat, characteristics, classification and importance.

• Lichen: Habitat, characteristics, classification and importance.
• Limnology: Definition, scope, importance and classification of lakes.
• Bryophyta: Habitat, characteristics, classification up to classes and reproduction; life history of Riccia and Anthoceros.
• Pteridophyta: Habitat, characteristics, classification up to classes, importance; life history of Selaginella and Christella.
• Gymnosperms: Habitat, characteristics and importance; life history of Cycas and Gnetum.
•  Angiosperms: Habitat, characteristics, ICBN, classification systems of plant kingdom. (Artificial, natural & phylogenetic). Identifying characters and economic importance of the following families: (a) Fabaceae, (b) Solanaceae and (c) Malvaceae and (d) Poaceae.
• Plant Pathology: Concept of diseases in plants, causes, diagnosis, classification and importance of plant diseases, symptomatology and control measures; forecasting of plant diseases.

Causal organisms, symptoms and control measures of brown spot of rice, stem rot of jute, citrus canker and tungro disease of rice.

1. Economic Botany: Local and scientific names, parts used and importance of at least 8 prominent plants of each of the following groups: (a) Food, (b) medicine, (c) timber, (d) fiber, (e) oil and (f) vegetables. Cultivation and processing of tea and rubber.

Botany-I Practical

1.      Detail study including dissection (where necessary), mounting, drawing, description and identification with classification of the following genera:       (any one)                                 10

Cyanobacteria    : Nostoc, Anabaena

Fungi                : Saccharomyces  

Bryophyte          : Riccia  

Pteridophyte     : Christella

Gymnosperms    : Cycas

Angiosperm       : Poaceae  

2.       Identification of the following genera with reasons:                                                     6×1=6

Algae                                       Volvox, Polysiphonia  

Fungi                                        Rhizopus, Agaricus

Lichen                                     Crustose and Foliose  

Bryophyte                                Anthoceros

Pteridophyte                             Selaginella, Marsilea

Gymnosperms                           Male cones of Cycas,

Angiosperms                            Scientific names of common plants around the institution.

3.       Find out algal specimens from local fresh water sample; draw and describe……………….. 05

4.        Study of the symptoms and causal organisms of Brown spot of rice and stem rot of Jute.

…………….. 05

• Detailed taxonomic study of the families as included in the theory syllabus.

…………….. 08

• Study of plant and plant parts, and economic uses of angiosperms included in the syllabus.

…………….. 06

• Preparation of herbarium specimens of local plants and submission during examination.

…………….. 05

• Laboratory Note book.                                                                                                 05

History of the Emergence of Independent Bangladesh

Introduction: Scope and description of the emergence of Independent Bangladesh.

Writing on this topic.

1. Description of the country and its people.
2. Geographical features and their influence.
3. Ethnic composition.
4.  Language.
5. Cultural syncretism and religious tolerance.
6.  Distinctive identity of Bangladesh in the context of undivided Bangladesh.

• Proposal for undivided sovereign Bengal and the partition of the Sub Continent, 1947.
• Rise of communalism under the colonial rule, Lahore Resolution   1940.
• The proposal of  Suhrawardi and Sarat Bose for undivided Bengal : consequences
• The creation of Pakistan 1947.

• Pakistan: Structure of the state and disparity.
• Central and provincial structure.
• Influence of   Military and Civil bureaucracy.

C .   Economic, social and cultural disparity

• Language Movement and quest for Bengali identity
• Misrule by Muslim League and Struggle for democratic politics .
• The Language Movement: context and phases.
• United front of Haque – Vasani – Suhrawardi: election of 1954, consequences.

• Military rule: the regimes of Ayub Khan and Yahia Khan (1958-1971)
• Definition of military rules and its characteristics.
• Ayub Khan’s rise to power and  characteristics of his rule (Political repression, Basic democracy, Islamisation)
• Fall of Ayub Khan and Yahia Khan’s rule (Abolition of one unit, universal suffrage, the Legal Framework Order)

• Rise   of nationalism and the Movement   for   self-determination.

a. Resistance   against cultural aggression   and resurgence   of Bengali culture.

b. Sheikh Mujibur  Rahman and the six point movement

c. Reactions   :  Importance and significance

d . The Agortola Case 1968.

• The mass- upsurge   of 1969 and 11 point movement: background, programme and  significance.

• Election of 1970 and the Declaration of Independence by Bangobondhu
• Election result and centers refusal to comply
• The non-co-operation movement, the 7^th March   , Address , Operation Searchlight
• Declaration of Independence by  Bangobondhu and his arrest

• The war of Liberation 1971
• Genocide, repression of women, refugees
• Formation of Bangladesh government and proclamation of Independence
• The spontaneous early  resistance and subsequent organized resistance (Mukti Fouz, Mukti  Bahini, guerillas and the frontal  warfare )
• Publicity Campaign in the war of Liberation (Shadhin Bangla Betar Kendra, the Campaigns  abroad and formation of public opinion )
• Contribution of  students, women and the masses (Peoples war)
• The role of super powers and the Muslim states in the Liberation war.
• The Anti-liberation activities of the occupation army, the Peace Committee, Al-Badar, Al-Shams, Rajakars, pro Pakistan political parties and Pakistani Collaborators , killing of the intellectuals.
•  Trial of Bangabondhu and reaction of the World Community.
• The contribution of India in the Liberation War
• Formation of  joint command and the Victory
• The overall contribution of Bangabondhu in the Independence struggle.

10. The Bangabondhu Regime 1972-1975

1. Homecoming
2. Making of the constitution
3. Reconstruction of the war ravaged country
4. The murder of Bangabondhu and his family and the ideological turn-around.

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